The novella "The Merchant and the Alchemist's Gate" is a great longer Ted Chiang piece, hard to find nowadays but Starship Sofa did an audiobook reading of it (starts at about 2:03 mark):
It just blew my mind. It's well written, and one of these thought-provoking pieces you keep thinking about for quite a while. In a very different setting, but still bubbling with interesting ideas, consider Blindsight [1] by Peter Watts. It's available for free online (CC-licensed) and well worth your time.
Funny, I read Software Objects, after Blindsight. Is there some kinda speculative fiction digraph that we're all following? My reading graph was build via Goodreads.
You might also enjoy Greg Egan, particularly something like Diaspora. Or if you're in the mood for short stories, the collection "Axiomatic" is chock-full of fantastic ideas.
Edit: Just noticed Axiomatic is available in Kindle format for $3 USD, which is well worth it for 18 amazing stories: http://amzn.com/B00FDWOBZA
Story of Your Life is one of the greatest short stories I've ever read. I don't think there's an author in sci-fi who I hope writes a full length novel more than Chiang.
http://amzn.com/1931520720