From past life expectancy stats, the former happened more than the latter.
Also, recent US life expectancy decline can be accounted for, entirely, by prescription opioid epidemic.
iatrogenics
The alternatives really aren't that great. Yea, prick your finger every day and regulate your sugar so you don't die or get sick. Fun.
The reality is, food is designed to be addicting to sell more food, just like everything else in our capitalist society.
From past life expectancy stats, the former happened more than the latter.
Also, recent US life expectancy decline can be accounted for, entirely, by prescription opioid epidemic.
iatrogenics